We are frightening children with exaggerations – they believe they don't have a future and that the world is going to end
Björn Lomborg
guardian.co.uk, Monday 15 June 2009 09.00 BST
The continuous presentation of scary stories about global warming in the popular media makes us unnecessarily frightened. Even worse, it terrifies our kids.
Al Gore famously depicted how a sea-level rise of 20ft (six metres) would almost completely flood Florida, New York, Holland, Bangladesh, and Shanghai, even though the United Nations says that such a thing will not even happen, estimating that sea levels will rise 20 times less than that.
When confronted with these exaggerations, some of us say that they are for a good cause, and surely there is no harm done if the result is that we focus even more on tackling climate change. A similar argument was used when George W Bush's administration overstated the terror threat from Saddam Hussein's Iraq.
This argument is astonishingly wrong. Such exaggerations do plenty of harm. Worrying excessively about global warming means that we worry less about other things, where we could do so much more good. We focus, for example, on global warming's impact on malaria – which will be to put slightly more people at risk in 100 years – instead of tackling the half a billion people suffering from malaria today with prevention and treatment policies that are much cheaper and dramatically more effective than carbon reduction would be.
Exaggeration also wears out the public's willingness to tackle global warming. If the planet is doomed, people wonder, why do anything? A record 54% of American voters now believe the news media make global warming appear worse than it really is. A majority of people now believe – incorrectly – that global warming is not even caused by humans. In the United Kingdom, 40% believe that global warming is exaggerated and 60% doubt that it is man-made.
But the worst cost of exaggeration, I believe, is the unnecessary alarm that it causes – particularly among children. Recently, I discussed climate change with a group of Danish teenagers. One of them worried that global warming would cause the planet to "explode" – and all the others had similar fears.
In the US, the ABC television network recently reported that psychologists are starting to see more neuroses in people anxious about climate change. An article in the Washington Post cited nine-year-old Alyssa, who cries about the possibility of mass animal extinctions from global warming. In her words: "I don't like global warming because it kills animals, and I like animals." From a child who is yet to lose all her baby teeth: "I worry about [global warming] because I don't want to die."
The newspaper also reported that parents are searching for "productive" outlets for their eight-year-olds' obsessions with dying polar bears. They might be better off educating them and letting them know that, contrary to common belief, the global polar bear population has doubled and perhaps even quadrupled over the past half-century, to about 22,000. Despite diminishing – and eventually disappearing – summer Arctic ice, polar bears will not become extinct. After all, in the first part of the current interglacial period, glaciers were almost entirely absent in the northern hemisphere, and the Arctic was probably ice-free for 1,000 years, yet polar bears are still with us.
Another nine-year old showed the Washington Post his drawing of a global warming timeline. "That's the Earth now," Alex says, pointing to a dark shape at the bottom. "And then it's just starting to fade away." Looking up to make sure his mother is following along, he taps the end of the drawing: "In 20 years, there's no oxygen." Then, to dramatise the point, he collapses, "dead", to the floor.
And these are not just two freak stories. In a new survey of 500 American pre-teens, it was found that one in three children, aged between six and 11, feared that the earth would not exist when they reach adulthood because of global warming and other environmental threats. An unbelievable one-third of our children believe that they don't have a future because of scary global warming stories.
We see the same pattern in the United Kingdom, where a survey showed that half of young children aged between seven and 11 are anxious about the effects of global warming, often losing sleep because of their concern. This is grotesquely harmful.
And let us be honest. This scare was intended. Children believe that global warming will destroy the planet before they grow up because adults are telling them that .
When every prediction about global warming is scarier than the last one, and the scariest predictions – often not backed up by peer-reviewed science – get the most airtime, it is little wonder that children are worried.
Nowhere is this deliberate fear mongering more obvious than in Al Gore's An Inconvenient Truth , a film that was marketed as "by far the most terrifying film you will ever see".
Take a look at the trailer for this movie on YouTube. Notice the imagery of chilling, larger-than-life forces evaporating our future. The commentary tells us that this film has "shocked audiences everywhere", and that "nothing is scarier" than what Gore is about to tell us. Notice how the trailer even includes a nuclear explosion.
The current debate about global warming is clearly harmful. I believe that it is time we demanded that the media stop scaring us and our kids silly. We deserve a more reasoned, more constructive, and less frightening dialogue.
Bill S. says:
Hyperbole sells tickets. It may not be right, but it is true. The extreme groups and individual wackos on both sides wage their verbal assaults and threats by stretching and abusing the truth -- and by the way -- generally, the truth is however you want to massage the facts. One man's truth is another man's lie. But let's be clear about one thing: without the loud jeers and cheers from the left, the American automakers would still be making their SUVs and trucks. Gas mileage was not in the public consciousness until gas prices started creeping up. Only the greenies would pay premiums on hybrid cars. Now, the train has left the station and within the next couple of years there will be dozens of hybrid and electric cars to choose from. Is this going to really make a difference? Only if it catches on around the world. Global Warming is a world problem, not a local problem. It's like filling a balloon with water. Squish it in the middle and it expands on the ends. Same with Global Warming. Make less pollution in the U.S. but more in China and what do we have? Exactly the same. The people on the Right are correct about one thing, the chances of us doing anything meaningful about Global Warming by saving a little water or turning off a light is not going to happen. But the people on the Left are correct that we will doom the future generations if we all don't make significant changes to our behavior and lifestyle choices. What side do you want to be on?
Elli A. says:
Well in the last article I read on this subject, Global Warming scientists were mostly unanimous that the 21st century is the last for us. So when you complain about people worrying about the effect of global worming on malaria 100 years from now, having no people is a sure way to solve this problem.
Children scared? That sounds like a good reason to be scared.
If people were so panicked as you describe, then there would be more action. Since there is no action practically, I guess not enough people even care about it.